Did you
know...
...that
embalming is NOT mandatory in most states and under most
situations? Did you know that embalming does NOT protect
the public from diseases? Did you know that you are NOT
required by any law in most cases to use the services of a funeral
home, mortician, or funeral director? Did you know that you
yourself can get permission transport your deceased relative from the
hospital to your home?
Hard to believe, isn't it? Well,
it's all true. There are many myths about death and proper
disposition of the dead in North America. Most of it encouraged
by the funeral industry over the last hundred years. I am not
about to cast a dark shadow over the industry because they do perform a
valid service and many operations are very professionally run with a
sincere concern for their work and customer service. But let's
face it, a business of any kind exists to make a profit and nearly
every business industry, especially the professions (with their guilds,
organizations, and lobbyists), have gone to excess at times in trying
to maximize profit over the quality of the products or services they
sell. Sometimes that has led to the legislation of laws and
oversight to enforce compliance to fair business practices. The
funeral industry is not alone. In the past ten to 20 years
there's been considerable exposure of the industry regarding
unscrupulous pricing and business practices. In tandem to all
that has been an increased public awareness that certain elements in
caring for the dead are not 'automatically' the responsibility of the
funeral profession... that people can make their own choices in
preparing for their own death or about caring for their departed loved
ones. It has even been recognized that some state laws did in
fact have language favoring or promoting the funeral industry by nature
of their legal requirements.
The
Honeymoon Is Over
Due to the steadfast and persistant pressure brought to bear
on the industry by individuals like Lisa Carlson and non-profit
consumer groups like The Funeral
Consumers Alliance and the AARP
(American Association of Retired Persons) federal guidelines have been
established by the FTC regulating truth in pricing of basic funeral
services, and in regulating pre-need sales that has become popular in
recent years.. States have also come around to re-examining and
ultimately changing certain statutes to conform to a more uniform
application of the law.
Another
by-product of all this funeral industry regulatory change in recent
years has been an increased social awareness in the choices available
in planning for their own deaths as well as the de-mystification of the
funeral processes, like embalming and cremation.
Do-It-Yourself Funerals?
At the risk of sounding a bit "Home Depot", the average
person could indeed do everything. The thing to remember is if
you are tending to your loved one's wishes you need to decide just
exactly how much do you really want to do yourself. If dear Aunt
Edna died in the hospital it is indeed possible for you to get the
death certificate, get a permit to pick up her body, bring it home with
you, purchase a casket (or build your own), prepare her body for
viewing in the dining room (maybe find a cool place in the basement to
hold up decomposition until the wake), file the death certificate (and
get copies for the insurance company or anyone else) place the
newspaper notifications, contact the cemetary to buy the plot (or
crematory if cremating her)... the list of things can get quite
complex. Now imagine doing all that feeling grief for her
loss. So you can see, that while attractive up front in theory to
either save money or conform to the wishes of the deceased it can be
quite a job. Now add to this a sudden death; perhaps Aunt Edna
died in a car accident, she could be in less than perfect condition...
perhaps even unviewable. And we've not even discussed the effects
of rigor mortis and the difficulties in handling a body. How
squeemish do you get?
Green
Graves Give Back To Nature
Eco-friendly funerals break new ground
(taken from a message board post, article presumably by Francesca
Lyman)
Oct. 30 -
For some, there's nothing more ghastly than the idea of having their
mortal remains embalmed, sealed in a metal and plastic casket and
buried in a cement vault. They'd prefer to be buried "au naturel." So
some companies are thinking outside of the box and offering
Earth-friendly burials amid the earth, trees and sea.
When
his father died, Dr. Billy Campbell wanted to bury him in simple pine
box instead of a fancy casket. But having grown up with the family that
ran the local funeral home, he was persuaded to choose the deluxe
model. "So Billy's dad was buried in the casket used by Hoss Cartwright
from 'Bonanza,'" his wife, Kimberley Campbell, recalls, laughing. "It
was supposedly more masculine and manly and made out of the most
luxurious Spanish oak, right off the Ponderosa." Bearing an engraved
Italianate scroll inscribed with his name, the heavy metal vault was
sealed tight because "your mom wouldn't want the worms climbing in."
Yet all Billy really wanted was to have his father lying in the earth
surrounded by nature.
This
experience left him so cold that, in 1996, the couple decided to create
a truly nature-friendly burial option, with none of the hallmarks of a
modern cemetery. At Memorial Ecosystems, located on the Campbells'
32-acre Ramsey Creek Preserve in Westminster, S.C., there are no flat,
manicured lawns, marble monoliths or metal vaults. Bodies cannot be
embalmed, caskets must be biodegradable and graves are marked only with
simple, flat stones. The couple manages the land and its streams,
wildflowers and forests as a "nature preserve first, cemetery second,"
they say. THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX Ramsey Creek is the first example in
the United States of "green burial," but Memorial Ecosystems hopes to
establish a nationwide network of memorial preserves over the next
decade.
What we
leave behind...
Each
year in U.S. cemeteries, we bury:
827,060
gallons of embalming fluid
1,636,000
tons of reinforced concrete
104,272
tons of steel
2,700
tons of copper and bronze
30
million board feet of hardwoods
Glendale
Memorial Nature Preserve , a 350-acre area composed of fields, creeks,
ponds and woods in the Florida panhandle, has set aside 70 acres for a
memorial park and is currently awaiting approval from the Florida Board
of Cemeteries. The practice is sparking interest outside of the
Southeast as well, says Mary Woodsen, vice president of the
Pre-Posthumous Society, a recently formed organization based in Ithaca,
N.Y., that is interested in starting memorial nature preserves in New
York state. Woodsen has tracked seeds of interest in a dozen states,
including California, Ohio, Wisconsin and Washington. "If there were a
national association, there would be many jumping on board," she says.
Meanwhile, the movement has already gained significant ground in
England, where more than 120 such preserves have been built and 50 more
planned, according to the London-based Natural Death Centre.
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Your
Final Act Of Love
Just How Intimate Can I Get Physically If I Have The Body?
As you would expect, taking the dead body of your loved one
home with you does provide certain 'opportunites'. While that
doesn't make it legal in the technical sense, it's not likely you'd get
caught anyway providing you followed the entire body disposition
process according to the law. Of course we are talking about
expressing your last moments with a loved one in a final sexual
intimacy. You certainly don't need to have a necrophilic interest
to decide to share in this manner. We are human beings and we
tend to express ourselves sexually with those we love. It's only
natural to want to do that after death in a final act of closeness
doing something you both enjoyed while alive. Given the condition
of the body, the surroundings, the environment, and your personal
grief, you would certainly have enough privacy to decide to do whatever
you wished.
If you are male and wish to make love with your loved one
you could conceivably leave your semen within an orifice as a symbol of
your eternal presence within them. If vaginal and/or rectal you
can simply insert some cotton inside to form a plug thus reducing the
embarrassment of seepage to outer garments during a wake. In the
mouth... perhaps some cotton there if you are unable to close the mouth
entirely.
If you are female you obviously don't have the disposition
of your own body fluids to worry about if you find it practical to
engage in sex with your loved one. You might want to refer to Section 11B
regarding sex with a dead
guy.
If you are planning on using the services of a mortician you
could make your feelings and intentions known and simply ask how you
can perform your last act of intimacy the way you wish. There's
certainly nothing wrong in asking. I do know for a fact that some
morticians, if asked, may try and accomodate in some form in spite of
the questionable legalities or implied ethics. Those that I have
chatted with have a strong sense of compassion and understand these
feelings with relatives and hold these feelings above what others might
feel is morally questionable. Frankly, it's no one else's
business. But do remember that strictly speaking your actions,
whether done at home or under the auspices of a friendly mortician,
still may be illegal in your state.
But intimacy can come in many forms not sexual as
well. Simply bathing and dressing your loved one one last time
can show your love. But how you may react when you are there at
that moment no one can predict.
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To Embalm or Not To Embalm
Typically
this is the one area where people tend to make the more choices and is
also the one area that's hotly debated between morticians and
'reformists'. Embalming in current Western society is a process
that retards (not prevents) body decomposition. The need for this
arose and became popular about the time of the Civil War. During
the war embalmers would follow the armies in their campaigns and would
embalm the dead soldiers (at the request of relatives who could afford
it) in order to help save the body during the long trip back home to be
buried. In recent times embalming was encouraged as wakes tended
to last three days or more in order to allow time for mourners to
travel from great distances. The last 25 years has seen a shift
way from the long wakes, presumably to reduce the stress of the
relatives and the fact that rapid travel is available. So more
and more people are choosing not to embalm if it's not truly
necessary. The process itself is really quite invasive and when
people learn of it there's a lot of second thoughts about having their
departed loved ones going through that process. (Refer to Section 10a, My Visit
With An Embalmer)
Leilah Wendell's
THE FIVE THINGS THAT SHOULD NEVER BE DONE TO THE DEAD
On
exhumation detail you learn very fast about some of the nasty
after-affects of modern funerary practice. For this reason, and to make
the lives of all "Forensic Archaeologists" a little bit more
"rewarding", I offer this list of things one should never do to the
dead.
#1)
Embalming is number one of the list of nasties. Do you know what
happens to an embalmed body when the chemicals break down and interact
with the body's own decomposition process? Of course you don't! How
could you? You buy into the mythos of "preservation". However, modern
embalming practices are meant to be extremely temporary, and highly
volatile! And, when actual breakdown occurs, it turns the body
into some form of bubbling, alien sludge. Not at all a pretty sight,
and certainly far from desirable. Not to mention, highly unfriendly to
the environment!
#2)
Autopsies make a jigsaw puzzle of the cadaver. On several
exhumations, I've found bodies trussed up like a Thanksgiving turkey,
with several dissected organs stuffed into a giblet bag and sealed in
the chest cavity, stomach, or outside the body. There are few
things worse than trying to get romantic with a corpse only to find
yourself poked in the chest with a bag of intestines! Or, worse yet,
having the brain fall out in your hand. Autopsies are a nasty, barbaric
practice that no longer serves any viable purpose in this day and age,
and is statistically uncalled for in over 95% of deaths.
#3)
Hermetically sealed metal caskets. Oh, here's a doozie! Do you know
what often happens when they break the seal on one of these babies?
Ever watch Return of the Living Dead- Part 2? Remember that foul, green
gas that escaped from the Army cannisters, and how the corpse inside
went through a time-lapse metamorphosis? Yes, kiddies! You too, can
experience this most unpleasant of real life FX!
#4)
Vivisection. Now, I'm sorry. Maybe it's just me, but I don't
believe it was intended by the Universal Spirit for the temple of the
soul to be reduced to Chop Suey. Now, I'm all in favour for (while
alive) donating a kidney or some bone marrow when necessary to save
someone's life. However, the human body is not ripe for the harvest
just because it is no longer a vessel for the soul. Plucking out an eye
here, and a heart there seems to me to be one of the highest forms of
disrespect and irreverence to the person that once was. There are even
people who will try to make you feel guilty because you haven't signed
up to be an "organ donor". I'm sorry, but if little Susie was born with
no heart, it's probably because she wasn't meant to live in the first
place.
#5)
Cryonics. What an inane concept. Has anyone even for a moment
considered what happens to the soul of someone "frozen in time"? Does
the soul remain imprisoned within the "dead" body? Does it leave, and
if so, if and when the body is revived, does it take on another soul,
or is it soul-less, like an empty shell? Science certainly has never
considered this. All they're worried about is trying to "cheat
Death" because they're still afraid of dying.
All
of the above occurs as a result of the ever present fear of D/death.
One wonders if humankind will ever grow worthy of its own spiritual
nature.
Copyright 2000 by Leilah Wendell
Leilah Wendell is the
world's foremost recognized researcher of Death personifications and
encounters. Author of ten books and scores of articles on
the subject, she is also a fine artist, poet and proprietor of The
Westgate Museum in New Orleans, Louisiana; the first and only
gallery devoted exclusively to Necromantic Art & Literature and
dedicated to the Angel of Death. Born in New York and best known
for her ground-breaking title, Our Name is Melancholy,
The Complete Books of Azrael, and
over twenty five years of research and documentation via The Azrael
Project, she currently resides in New Orleans, LA. in what is
commonly referred to as "The House of Death".
www.westgatenecromantic.com
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Another fallacy of embalming is that it kills contagious
disease... espcially the more disturbing one's like HIV, Ebola,
etc. According to the Centers For Disease Control there is no
public health issue regarding embalming. This is also another
debated topic in some circles. Many states even have laws about
mandatory embalming under certain conditions such as dying from
contagious diseases like HIV. Most diseases die off in the body
as the body cools and decomposes and some do lay dormant
regardless of embalming. Most states require a body to be
embalmed for interstate transport which I presume is to retard
decomposition odors.
Embalming does not eliminate rigor mortis either.
A Deeply
Scientific Explanation Of
Rigor Mortis
While searching the net looking for an explanation into the
clinical definition I came across this reply by an MD in a message
board.
Rigor
Mortis
The key players are actin, myosin, and ATP. Actin and
myosin are proteins in your muscles; the best way to describe them is
by using an analogy. Imagine stretching a rope between two cars that
are maybe 100 feet apart. The rope is actin in our analogy. Now you and
a bunch of your friends gather at the center of the rope, half of you
facing one car, and half the other. You all start to pull on the rope,
with a hand over hand motion, and sure enough, the cars move towards
you. You and each one of your friends are acting very much like
individual myosin molecules all working together in your muscles. In
our analogy, the movement of the cars towards each other is like a
muscle contraction. In muscles, myosin "walks" along actin with a
grasp, pull, release action. Each cycle requires that a myosin molecule
bind and break down one ATP molecule for energy.
Now to understand rigor mortis, follow
the ATP (and especially the breakdown of ATP) during the above cycle:
1. Myosin binds a molecule of ATP (the myosin is not holding
the actin tightly yet)
2. The myosin catalyzes the breakdown
of the ATP to ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate), releasing energy that
is temporarily stored in the shape of the myosin molecule. The Pi is
released from myosin and floats away. This step is immediately followed
by step 3.
3. The myosin (with ADP bound) now
grips the actin tightly, and then converts the stored energy from step
2 into motion by pulling along the actin "rope".
4. A fresh ATP replaces the ADP on the
myosin. The myosin does not let go UNTIL the fresh ATP replaces the ADP.
Now for rigor mortis. When an organism
dies, lots of myosin will have ATP bound, ready for a stimulus to start
a muscle contraction. This would be like step 1 above. Note that myosin
is not gripping actin tightly in step 1. With time, ATP will
spontaneously degrade to ADP and Pi; as this happens in a dead person's
muscles, we find ourselves in the same situation as in step 2. This
starts the chain of events leading to Step 3, even in a dead
person, Thus, we have a muscle contraction in a dead person. These
random muscle contractions lead to the odd movements of facial and limb
muscles in the dead.
But there's more. Note step 4. The
myosin stays stuck to the actin UNTIL it is freed by the attachment of
a fresh ATP. In the dead, there is no source of ATP, so the myosin
STAYS stuck to the actin. Hence, the stiffness (rigor mortis) of death.
And finally, the muscle proteins will eventually start to degrade
(decompose). As they do, they will release their grip, and the
stiffness will go away.
If you followed this, then you should
understand why meat that is butchered and immediately frozen or eaten
is usually tougher than meat that is butchered, and then "aged" in a
cooler for a period of time.
Paul
Mahoney, Ph.D.
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Cremation De-mystified
While funeral homes in general offer cremation most
transport the bodies to be cremated to a different location having a
crematory oven, or retort as they are called. Many funeral homes
in the country have a retort on premises. In some states
crematories must be affiliated with a cemetary.. a holdover from the
days when ovens were flame-fed and spewed soot and odors into the air
and cemetaries were generally a rural enough locations so not to be a
public nuisance. Plus the ashes could be buried directly if
desired.
A body can be cremated whether embalmed or not. Again,
the embalming process is sometimes recommended if there is going to be
a wake. But generally speaking, simple refrigeration... or air
conditioning, can retard decomposition for a day or two.
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The
Cremation Process
In most
states a crematory can be operated from a funeral home (which usually
has one retort) or as a standalone business (like the infamous Georgia
Tri-State Crematory). Modern cematories, or retorts as they are
called, are natural gas-fired devices that essentially dehydrate the
body through intense heat.. in the 1600 to 1800 degrees F range... and
it takes anywhere from 1.5 to 2.5 hours to burn a body completely,
leaving the body ash-like powder in the oven along with the larger
bones... teeth, metal from implants, pacemakers, etc. Everthing
is swept from the oven into a container and the foreign objects are
removed (in some cases jewelry, watches, etc... which should be
returned to the relatives). The bones are then separated out and
run through a pulverizer that turns them into powder and they are then
mixed with the body ash removed from the oven. That's called the
'cremains'. Typically, the powdered cremains are packed into a
small box and delivered back to the funeral home where they might be
placed in an urn selected by the family members. Sometimes the
ashes are simply scattered someplace according to the deceased, or
family members, wishes... like over a favorite fishing pond, a field,
or over a city (many times you need a permit to disperse ashes over
populated or environmentally sensitive areas... to be legal).

Bones left
remaining from a single body
When you look at a typical chimney or smokestack you should
see a few minutes of a dark smoke and flakey ash that represents the
large cremation box burning away, along with any clothing left on the
deceased (whether a body is embalmed or not makes no difference in the
burning process). But when the body itself burns there's barely
any smoke at all, hence just the
wavey heat only venting out the stack. Generally it's
up to the state EPA inspectors to inspect retorts peridocially to make
sure they comply with emission standards.
Why
doesn't a crematory have the smell and soot from the chimney like
concentration camps?
As mentioned above, modern cremation retorts are designed
essentially to 'bake' rather than 'flame-broil'. In other words,
the air inside the oven is heated until the body dries and
ignites. The old ovens from the Holocaust days, and
earlier, were typically stoked flames that burned the body
directly. As the heat from the flames rose out the smoke stacks
it carried with it ash from the burning bodies as well as the odor of
burning flesh. The newer retorts dry out the body first thus
removing the moisture associated with the smell of burning flesh... and
what ash remains is contained inside the oven rather than vented out
the stack.
Crematories in most states require some mechanical
inspection for emissions and/or certification can be required to
operate one. In fact, the staff at most crematories, depending on
the state laws, can be guys
off the street being paid minimum wage to pick up the bodies from the
funeral homes and inspect and burn
them. This isn't rocket science. The
average person presumes their loved one's body is reverently cremated..
not so. Boxes are opened, bodies inspected to some degree...
clothes cut to remove pacemakers from chests... then unceremoniously
shoved into the oven. But, that's the process.
Like any industry crematories do have their stories to
tell. For example, the number one nemisis to a crematory operator
are pacemakers. Those things can explode as a body is burning and
severly damage the stone walls of the retort (a typical retort costs
about $35,000 on up depending on the bells & whistles you want,
like a fancy convey roller, etc.). Typically a body is
accepted from a funeral home for burning already inside the
cardboard box. Depending on the service agreement either the
funeral home or the crematory should remove the pacemaker from the
body. This means an incision must be made on the body itself to
remove it. It is also apparently not uncommon for crematories
that accept bodies from many funeral homes to uncover, many times too
late, other 'items' tossed into the box with the body. The
crematory I was at said they have found things from extra limbs and/or
organs (apparently from other banged-up bodies), to prostheseis limbs
to paper waste. In one case they were burning a body and they
noticed voluminous amounts of dark smoke and ash escaping from the
stack. It turned out the funeral home decided to clean out a filing
cabinet and put the old files in with the body figuring it would all
burn up. So by and large it's up to the crematory to inspect all
body boxes, and the bodies themselves, before burning. If there's
anything other than a body in the box then the body can be refused by
the crematory (most states have a law against cremating animals in a
retort for human cremation... hence, human crematories and animal
crematories are separate).
A crematory I once visited last year charges a funeral home
$180 to burn a body. But it shows up on a funeral home's bill as
far more.. in the range of $500 to $2,000 depending on the area and the
market. And believe me, even crematories are price competitive to
get the funeral home business.. in spite of the huge profits the
funeral homes make on cremations.
Oh, by the way, for all you post mortem sexual -wannabe's...
no one will ever know what you did or how you did it... your DNA burns
up with the body. A crematory is the best place to not get
caught. But you didn't hear that from me.
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Reference
I highly recommend the following book, Caring For the
Dead: Your Final Act Of Love, by Lisa Carlson. In it she
describes how to care for your departed loved ones, with or without a
funeral director... embalming and cremation... and the pitfalls of
pre-need programs. Of particular value is a huge compendium of
each state's statutes regarding self-caring for the dead, the process
for getting the proper transportation permits and death certificate,
and a list of crematories. You should also check out The Funeral Consumers Alliance as
a resource for up to date changes in state statutes.
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